Treatment Selection Module
Summary
The TSM is designed to suggest three treatment trains capable of treating CBM produced water to a quality suitable for each of pre-programmed or user defined beneficial uses. The user inputs criteria such as water quality, water quantity, desired water recovery, and other site-specific operational objectives to assist in the selection of an integrated treatment process. Using these inputs, along with a robust selection methodology, the tool generates potential treatment trains. The TSM preferentially selects the minimum number of processes, in a most logical order, required to treat a given feed water stream to either predefined or user defined beneficial uses. The TSM generates a report detailing three suggested treatment trains, estimated water quality and quantity, chemical and energy requirements, estimated brine quality and quantity, and a proposed brine management strategy for each beneficial use predefined or defined by the user.
TSM Flowchart
User Input
The user inputs site-specific operational criteria and objectives to assist in the selection of an integrated treatment process. Inputs include:
- Water quality
- Water quantity
- Desired water recovery
Using these inputs, the tool generates potential treatment trains.
Analysis – Treatment Processes
The module considers 40 unique treatment technologies, including pretreatment, desalination, and post-treatment technologies. The various technologies are summarized in the following table:
Pretreatment Technologies
| Separation Processes | Oxidation and Disinfection | Adsorption |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrocyclone | Oxidation (permanganate) | Zeolite adsorption |
| Dissolved Air Flotation | Ozonation | Ion exchange |
| Chemical Coagulation – Settling Pond | UV | Granular activated carbon |
| Electrical Coagulation – Settling Pond | Chemical disinfection | |
| Biological aerated filter | Miscellaneous | |
| Walnut shell filter | Chemical softening | |
| Media filter (pressure) | Wetland | |
| Greensand | ||
| Microfiltration/ultrafiltration (polymeric) | ||
| Microfiltration/ultrafiltration (ceramic) |
Desalination Technologies
| Membrane Separations | Thermal Evaporation | |
|---|---|---|
| Seawater reverse osmosis | Brackish water reverse osmosis | Multi-effect distillation |
| Loose Nanofiltration (polymeric) | Tight nanofiltration (polymeric) | Vapor compression |
| Loose Nanofiltration (ceramic) | CDI | Multi-stage flash |
| Electrodialysis | Membrane distillation | VSEP-Reverse Osmosis |
| Forward osmosis | HERO™ | Dewvaporation |
Post Treatment and Brine Management Technologies
| Evaporation ponds | Salproc™ | SAR adjustment |
| Crystallizers | Deep well injection | pH stabilization |
Output – Treatment Train Report
The Module preferentially selects the minimum number of processes, is a most logical order, required to treat a given feed water to either predefined or user defined beneficial uses. The Module generates a report detailing three suggested treatment trains, estimated water quality and quantity, chemical and energy requirements, estimated brine quality and quantity, and a proposed brine management strategy for each beneficial use predefined or defined by the user.
Support information for this Module includes:
- Technical assessment of produced water treatment technologies, 1st edition: Provides comprehensive technical evaluation of individual treatment technologies and 21 integrated treatment processes;
- CBM produced water treatment technology fact sheets: quick reference technical evaluation of each unit process and 21 integrated treatment processes; and
- Integrated User Manual.
How does this module relate to other modules in the tool?
WQM – The TSM module receives data from the Water Quality Module (WQM) and delivers data to the Beneficial Use Screening Module (BSM). The data received from the WQM includes feed water quality and quantity.
BSM – The data delivered to the BSM includes the best-ranked treatment train for each beneficial use, and the capital cost and energy and chemical demand for these treatment trains.
BEM – The WQM provides inputs for the TSM but does not directly interact with the BEM.
For more information, please refer to the User Manual.